Study finds cultural activities match medication in battling depression

A new international academic study suggests that participation in cultural activities is as beneficial as medication in reducing the symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Queen Mary University of London (QMUL) researchers discovered that group arts interventions are a “promising alternative” to medication in addressing mental health problems. The study, published in Nature Mental Health, found that effect sizes of access to culture are comparable to those observed with traditional treatments for depression and anxiety such as taking anti-depressants, talking therapies, or physical activity.

Led by Elizabeth Quinn, a PhD candidate in Psychology at QMUL, the research – a comprehensive meta-analysis of 39 studies from 21 countries – involved over 3,360 participants for depression and 949 participants for anxiety.

Dr Janelle Jones, the study’s senior author, said: “Arts interventions are accessible, cost-effective, and enjoyable. They offer a way to address mental health challenges that doesn’t rely solely on medication or traditional therapy. This is particularly important for older adults, who may face barriers to accessing conventional treatments.”

The results were particularly encouraging among older adults, researchers said. Depression and anxiety are silent struggles for millions of senior citizens worldwide, affecting 7% and 3.8% of those aged 60 and over, respectively.

Implications for public policy

The Society of London Theatre & UK Theatre welcomed the report and suggested it has wide implications for public policy in relation to the arts. Chief executive Hannah Essex said that support for the arts is integral to public health as well as cultural access.

“This landmark research reaffirms what those of us in theatre have long understood: engagement in the arts is not a luxury but a necessity for our health and well-being,” Essex said. “The study from Queen Mary University of London demonstrates that participation in cultural activities – such as the performing arts – offers a powerful, non-medical approach to improving health outcomes.

“Theatres play a vital role in local communities, delivering transformative social benefits. For example, they provide invaluable opportunities for older adults to nurture creativity and foster connection.

“However, public investment in the arts has declined significantly in real terms over the past 14 years. Without meaningful support for both physical infrastructure and the organisations that facilitate this work, many face an uncertain future – putting community programmes that deliver critical social and health benefits at risk.

“If the arts are as effective as pharmaceuticals in addressing mental health challenges, then ensuring access is not just a matter of cultural policy – it should be a health priority, funded accordingly.”